Influence of Digital Media on Education

A great man once said, â€Å"If we teach today’s students as we did yesterdays, we are robbing them of tomorrow. † His name was John Dewey. He was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. This man is the inspiration for many enthusiastic educators, who wish to evolve education as the world around us changes, especially with the rapid reforms bestowed upon the education world through this monster that we call digital media. There is no running away from the fact that digital media has already changed the world.It’s not going to stop altering the world it was created in anytime soon. So human beings have taken advantage of this fact. Since digital media reaches every corner of the globe, man has learned how to influence tremendous amounts of people through digital advertisements, expressed opinions on blogs, massive video sharing (Youtube), Internet radios (Pandora, Spotify), un iversal shopping outlets (Amazon, Ebay) and even extremely localized seller/buyer ran websites such as Craigslist. The list is never ending. Digital media has grabbed our society by the horns.For this project I have chosen to analyze the impact of Digital media on education. Numerous communications technologies have been, and will continue to connect the expertise of professional educators. Digital media and the numerous communications technologies are connecting millions of people to: 1. Increase opportunities for a quality education. 2. Increase audience networks to jumpstart a synergistic routine for online/afterschool studies. 3. Easily develop effective studying techniques in younger children, which ultimately set children up for success.Education on Digital Media 4. Construct interactive communication for peer-to-peer studies. 5. Give parents a chance to provide their children with an excellent structured education. 6. Develop online programs that are extremely user friendly, for parents and children. 7. Learning everywhere. 8. Introduce children to the safest possible online interactions for educational purposes. 9. Allow children to become adaptive to the changing technologies involving digital media. 10. Discover a student’s strength and weaknesses through computer-generated statistics, graphs and tables.These tables will be available to parents and children, at the discretion of the parents. Also, this will be available for regular adult students, hence online college portals (UMUC’s Webtycho). The incorporation of digital media into traditional education allows convenient learning alternatives, rather than the tradition textbook, notebook and highlighter approach. â€Å"Our students have changed radically. Today’s students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach. † (Prensky, 2001) These days’ students use tablets and laptop computers, with wireless Internet to their advantage.Digital m edia offers students of all education levels an enormous treasure chest of social practices, methodologies and even hands on assignments. Expert educators have become readily available to students virtually anywhere in the world (where and internet connection can be found. ) Of course, only digital immigrants who are adept to the use of digital media themselves will be afforded the opportunity to share their teaching skills globally. A learning application on your IPhone will never replace a quality teacher, who truly has a passion for teaching.However, over the past several years, multiple online platforms have given students the opportunity to take the initiative on learning. â€Å"Tools will never outshine a brilliant teacher, but over the past fifteen years many tools, services, and platforms have become easier to adapt for learning purposes, to help command and hold the attention of learners for whom email is no more than an easy way to talk to â€Å"the man. †Ã¢â‚¬  ( Scholz, 2011) A website I have used in the past has helped me pass CLEP (College Level Entry Program) exams, which count for 3 college credits.You can earn these credits simply by passing the examinations, which are usually more difficult than easy. The CLEP system allows students to basically take the final exam of an entry-level college course, without ever having to take the course. This website I utilized and came to appreciate is www. instantcert. com. You have to pay a monthly subscription, which is totally worth it if you apply yourself. There is no instructor for the study guides and test samples provided by the websites creators. It’s simply you and the books. Raw learning at its finest.Of course, there are also online tutoring programs, which provide private tutors for virtually all-academic subjects. Live online courses (much like CMST 301) are available to students of all ages. I would like to point out the difference between an online college course, and an onlin e tutoring program. UMUC’s online program is the perfect example of an online college, where students earn actual college credits that apply towards an official college degree. Then there’s academic tutoring programs, such as Instantcert. com, which I mentioned previously.Another fine example of an online tutoring program is the princetonreview. com. The Princeton review does not offer college credits; it simply aids motivated students in their understanding of whatever subject matter they are pursuing. The concept of â€Å"learning everywhere† has never been easier, thanks to digital media. â€Å"Digital learning not only takes place online or in the university classroom but is also situated in high schools, museums, after school programs, home school living rooms, public libraries, and peer-to-peer universities.Learners do not learn exclusively in the university where â€Å"master-teachers† impart their insights under the tree of knowledge. † (Sc holz, 2011) I have found the usage of tourist-interactive digital media programs in museums to be quite useful and educational. Learning everywhere is already happening, in homeschools and public schools. One comparison I would like to make known, is the difference in computer usage regarding homeschool and public schools. There is a graph below that sums up some very useful percentages.The graph shows that the percentage of students utilizing computers at home increases, as their parent’s educational attainment increases, but that the percentage using computers at public school is more nearly equal across the levels of parental education. This proves that computer (Internet) usage for public education is on the rise. Some parents prefer their student’s education to remain traditional, hence the homeschooling. A traditional home school program, in the past has consisted of family bought textbooks and teaching material designed for the students parents.Today however, th ere are multiple programs offered to parents, so they may have access to quality home school programs. Some of these programs involve the use of the Internet, and some do not. Many home school programs make use of DVD’s. You may notice the higher education attainment for parents makes a slight difference between parents who have bachelor’s degree and a graduate education (regarding homeschool and public school). This was expected. What was not expected was the difference between parents with a high school education, compared to parents with a 4-year degree. 5% compared to 82% is a huge gap. I predict that digital media will shorten this gap. User friendly, affordable and independent home school online programs will be developed by digital immigrants, programmers and educators who have grown up in the tech-savvy generation. The gap will naturally shorten as education becomes readily incorporated into digital media. Another surprise (to me personally) was the fact that t he highest percentage for computer usage came from home school environments taught by parents with graduate educations.I expected this percentage to be lower, due to the fact that most traditional home school systems tend to fray away from computer usage. But then again, this graph was created in 2003. I can see digital media having a direct effect on education for all these categories. Reason being, as time goes on, digital media usage in nursery school and students in grades K-12 will increase. It will increase because digital media is only furthering its reach. The good news concerning this graph, the percentage of computer usage in public schools remained relatively close in proximity.Ranging from the lowest (78%) to the highest (84%), this shows that computer and digital media usage in public, private high schools and universities has already become very widely available. The graph above displays computer usage in households. The graph below displays the difference between comp uter usage and actual Internet usage by grade level from Nursery school through 12th grade. In 2003, it was easy to see the dramatic increase for computer and Internet usage ranging from nursery school all the way up to 10th grade.By the time students reached 10th grade, the Internet and computer usage tended to even out at a moderate rate. Basically what this graph is telling us is that students begin learning how to use a computer and Internet as soon as they enter the school systems. The percentage that surprised me the most, was the nursery school computer and Internet usage beginning in nursery school. Even though this graph was originated by the NCES (National Center for Education Statistics), I questioned the fact that computer usage/Internet usage begins in nursery school.It is happening today, and I predict this to be a growing trend. There are two major organizations, which exist today, whose sole mission is to safely incorporate digital media into preschool and kindergart en. The first major organization is the NAEYC (National Association for the Education of Young Children). This organization is noticeably the largest, and well-funded organization for early educators in the United States. The 2nd is the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media organization.These two amazing organizations have conducted research, which supports the use of digital media technology in preschool and kinder garden. A very brave statement was released by both organizations. The statement regarded technology and small children up to 8 years old. â€Å"Though the groups discourage â€Å"passive screen technology† usage — like TV and DVDs — with children under two, they don't suggest a ban on screens for preschoolers or kindergartners as some child-advocacy groups have suggested.Nor do they say teachers should avoid using technology with young kids. Instead, the groups puts the onus on teachers to make smart decisions and use te chnology appropriately. † (Guernsey, 2012) Conclusion: The digital media’s affect on education is more evident now than ever. If professional educators truly wish to reach their students in the world of pedagogy, I predict that these educators must become more adept to the way these new generations of students are accustomed to learning. Today, students learn on their own terms, with their own study methods.The sooner professional educators embrace technology and digital media fully, the sooner our students will reach their full potential. References Scholz, R. T. (2011, March 31). Learning Through Digital Media  » Introduction: Learning Through Digital Media. Learning Through Digital Media. Retrieved  February  23, 2013, from http://learningthroughdigitalmedia. net/introduction-learning-through-digital-media DaBell, M. , Chapman, C. , Spellings, M. , Whitehurst, G. , ; Schneider, M. U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2006).C omputer and internet use by students in 2003 (2006-065). Retrieved from Institute of Educational Sciences website: http://0-nces. ed. gov. opac. acc. msmc. edu/pubs2006/2006065. pdf Guernsey, L. (2012, March 7). Saying yes to digital media in preschool and kindergarten. Retrieved from http://www. huffingtonpost. com/lisa-guernsey/saying-yes-to-technology-_b_1325070. html Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. Retrieved from http://www. marcprensky. com/writing/prensky – digital natives, digital immigrants – part1. pdf

The boundary between normal and pathological

The boundary between normal and pathological aging is difficult to define because cognition is not homogenous in the elderly. Moreover, there is also a large heterogeneity in the performance within different domains of cognition and even within the subsystems of one specific domain, for example, memory. However, some general factors have been identified in normal cerebral aging, which might be important mediators between age and cognition.There is a decrease in the capacity of working memory and information-processing speed as well as problems in the inhibition of nonrelevant information (Van der Linden et al., 1999). Thus, most elderly persons will exhibit mild difficulties in acquiring new information that do not have any repercussions on everyday activities.Behavioral medicine research over the past several years has identified a number of characteristics that affect the development and course of cognitive impairment and coronary disease in elderly. Included among these psychosoci al risk factors are hostility, depression, social isolation, high job strain, and low socioeconomic status.The specific mechanisms whereby these factors influence the pathogenesis and prognosis of major causes of death such as coronary heart disease (CHD), but considerable research points to accompanying health behaviors (smoking, dietary habits, and alcohol consumption) and biological characteristics (altered functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) as likely mediators.Finally, research evaluating interventions targeting psychosocial risk factors in groups of patients with CHD and cognitive impairment offer considerable promise that secondary prevention will be shown to have an important place in the treatment and rehabilitation of these aging diseases. The purpose of this work is to review specifically cognitive impairment and coronary disease in elderly and call attention to the important but often overlooked a correlation in cognitive impairment and coro nary heart disease in elderly.Physical and psychological risk factors will be studied in relation to the development of coronary heart disease and cognitive impairment. This research, in which information regarding life events prior to sudden cardiac death was obtained, reveals that there is a reverse process where coronary heart disease can lead an individual to cognitive impairment.Research on what can be done about the modifiable risk factors in order to prevent or at least minimize the chances of getting cognitive impairment and coronary heart disease receives detailed consideration in the work.

What Makes a Student Successful

What Makes a Student Successful? Marie Biays ENG102 – English Composition Colorado State University – Global Campus Professor Jennifer Naimark November 10, 2012 What Makes a Student Successful? Some would say success is based on the determination of the student or how well of an educator a teacher is. I believe that success is based on my determination. I do not quit anything I have started. Quitting to me is the easy way out. There are certain deeds that a person can take in order to become a good student. In order to do so, he must embody certain characteristics.These characteristics are innate for many, but those who do not currently have them can develop them. Just as someone can take actions to become a good student, he can also take actions to develop the characteristics of a successful student. Develop an attitude and passion for learning by remaining curious and inquisitive. Use your curiosity to help you become a professional researcher. Remember to have an ope n mind and to remain as objective as possible while conducting research. Stay open-minded in order to use the information collected during research, to develop analytical and critical thinking skills.Become the type of student that studies academics instead of one who simply attends classes. Take the initiative to study on a daily and regular basis without requiring instruction to do so. Make learning a priority; this is a hard one for me because reading is not one of my favorite things to do. Have confidence and believe in your academic abilities. Be tenacious and persevere. Never succumb to an attitude of mediocrity. Responsibility is another characteristic every college student must have in order to be successful.Students who are responsible know what their tasks are and are always a step ahead. For example, if there is a party the night before an exam a student who wants to do excellent will study instead of going to the party (2008, 09, Characteristics of Successful College Stu dents). Develop self-discipline by using time wisely. Do what needs to be done, when it needs to be done, regardless of what you may not feel like doing. Refrain from being a procrastinator; another hard one for me, but I am working on it. Be continually and consistently prepared.Managing your time well helps you to stay on top of your work and to succeed as a student. If you've been assigned a heavy load of homework, use lunch hours and breaks to complete your assignments. Limit distractions by working in a quiet area such as a library, coffee shop or home office. Call a study partner when you need help, and take regular breaks to help you focus and stay on track. Developing listening skills will assist you in becoming a good student. But it’s not as easy as simply listening to the lecture or the lesson plan being presented.Concentrate on the subject matter, not how it is delivered to the class. Limit distractions by turning off all your electronic devices and going to a qui et area in your home or a nearby library. If you find yourself not paying attention, stay on track by taking notes and developing questions to ask your instructor. Be humble and realize that you can always learn more regardless of what you may already know and understand. Listen to and learn from your instructor. Learn from your mistakes and the mistakes of others.I am confident that if I develop the habits outlined above that I will see a major improvement in my academic success. In fact, I have already developed some of the habits outlined above and I have seen an improvement in my academic success. I look forward to more improvement! References (2008, 09). Characteristics of Successful College Students. StudyMode. com. Retrieved, November 10, 2012, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Characteristics-Successful-College-Students-164896. html [Web log message]. (2011, July 29). Retrieved from http://blog. chegg. com/2011/07/29/10-habits-of-successful-college-students/

Social science 300 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social science 300 - Essay Example It is an element of mental destruction that happens between families. Children seem to be the worst affected in the whole scenario. They store pictures of torture and fights within their memories and this is one feeling which is pretty difficult to get rid of. Psychologically, it affects them more than the persons who were in a marriage before they decided to forego the bond itself – the bond of marriage, now changed into a divorce deed. (Shaw, Winslow & Flanagan, 1999) Socially, it leaves a scar on the children so much so that they start getting alienated from other kids of the same age. They converse less and as a result open up negligibly. They seldom speak out what is within them and hurting from inside. They seem to be in a constant fight with their existence and life for them becomes a problem – a problem that has got no bearing on their actions and yet they are on the receiving end. Academically, these children fall back on the track of education and are less int erested at gaining the new avenues of knowledge and information. They seem unwelcoming to the new technological changes and are happy with their lives, in a desolate area with no one in company. Life for them is a slow killer but a killer for sure. In this paper, the aspect of family remaining as a single knitted unit is highlighted and all the significant elements of keeping a family as a solitary entity are discussed so that a relational basis with psychological comprehension and relationship binding is established in essence. (Chomsky, 2003) With the passage of time, these children grow up to a less secure financial environment and they fall back on their expenses most of the times. They are usually dependent on one of their parents, with the one they live most of the times or in instances where both the parents have let gone on them, they are dependent on their guardians, which could be just about anyone. They are always trying to make both ends meet and

Aufderheide, Defining the documentary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aufderheide, Defining the documentary - Essay Example Documentaries take the form of an analytical argumentation combined with some educational animation and formal elements. The formal choices in documentaries make them more representative of the importance the content they show. Documentaries lack the natural representation as they are characterized by manipulation of content so as to shape the meaning around what the audience want to know. Documentaries share the narrative convention. They are based on stories with an introduction, body and end. They invest in taking their viewers into an emotional journey by sharing the perspectives of the documentary characters with that of the audience. They also share techniques employed in filmmaking such as editors, musicians, digital designers, cinematographers and sound technicians. Documentaries are governed by the economic context of business realities. Producers strive to make documentaries more appealing to the viewers in order to ensure that the documentary gains audience. This is because the appeal of the documentary is associated with the brand identity of the product in the documentary. Furthermore, sponsors such as the government affect the reality present in the documentaries by encouraging some aspects of the content while discouraging

Why is the notion of identity so important for the Constructivist Essay

Why is the notion of identity so important for the Constructivist approach - Essay Example Constructivist approach maintains central place in the disciplines including teaching and education, sociology and economics, and philosophy and psychology. However, it has obtained imperative significance in history, international relations and political science too due to its validity and vastness in respect of defining and encompassing the developments being observed at national and international scales by depicting the motifs and intentions behind the entire scenario of rabidly developing world at large. First articulated by the contemporary era American political scientist and theorist Nicholas Greenwood Onuf, the Constructivist approach submits to state that human actions appear to be the most dynamic factors of all progresses being observed in all parts of the world without discrimination. Consequently, it is human actions that give birth to social and political changes in accordance with the events taking place at international arena. These events and incidents appear to be r eliant upon one another in a sense that one event may give way to the others making a chain of developments subsequently (Onuf, 1989, p.49). For instance, it was the strict German political scheme against the vanquished France in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, which had given a go to the establishment of several international alliances including the Dreikaiserabund (or Three Emperors League), Triple Entete, Triple Alliance and others from 1875 to 1912. Similarly, the Treaty of Versailles (1919) drafted by the then British and French prime ministers i.e. Lloyd George and Clemenceau respectively in the aftermath of WWI, certainly contained the seeds and elements of another horrible war for the future years to come (Lowe, 1996, p.238). Moreover, the active participation of America in the Russ-Afghan conflict (1979-89) not only led the circumstances towards the disintegration of Russia, but also

John F Kennedy Civil Rights Address Research Paper

John F Kennedy Civil Rights Address - Research Paper Example worldwide struggle towards equal rights and goes on to argue that all Americans irrespective of their color should be offered equal treatment in places of public accommodation. He purports that every American has a moral obligation to be treated equally. It can also be observed that rhetorical devices such as the choice of diction, imageries, statistical data, and tone contribute to the persuasiveness of the speech. For instance, the use of phrases such as â€Å"ought to be possible† and â€Å"ought to have the right† clearly emphasize this sense of moral responsibility towards equal treatment and freedom. This has been aptly suggested by Newman when the author states: â€Å"the repetitive use of "it ought to be possible" is an effective way to point out the different levels of freedom that restricted the average Negro citizen† (Newman). Kennedy also seeks the help of statistical data (such as ‘one-half’, ‘one-third’, ‘twice as muc h’, and ‘half as much’) to convince his audience the white-black disparity that governs the society. Similarly, in his speech, Kennedy offers a number of instances where unequal treatment and discrimination is shown toward the Negros. These instances are capable of creating so many vivid images or mental pictures in the minds of the audience. President Kennedy then directs his audience towards the depth of the issue and leads the audience to think about the possible solutions. He makes it clear that segregation and discrimination is prevalent in almost all states of America and calls for the need to frame new legislations to tackle the issue. However, he warns his white audience that the nation is ‘confronted primarily with a moral issue’ and exhorts everyone to ask their conscience whether they are able to grant ‘equal... The intention of this study is "Civil Rights Address" by John F Kennedy. as a landmark in the nation’s pursuit towards abandoning racial discrimination and segregation. All throughout the speech, Kennedy persuades his listeners/audience to ensure civil rights, racial equality and equal treatment in the nation. The address is quite persuasive in nature and President Kennedy has successfully employed various rhetorical strategies all throughout the speech. No doubt, the speech appeals to the ethos, logos and pathos of the audience; stylistic features such as the use of imagery, appropriate language, and tone enhance the credibility and persuasive nature of the discourse. The speech can also be understood as President Kennedy’s attempt to defend and justify his controversial decision to admit two qualified Negroes into the University of Alabama in Birmingham. One also needs to keep in mind there were ongoing demonstrations, parades and rallies for equal civil rights within the nation. The speech clearly points out two key issues that haunt the American society-racism and prejudice. Thus, the speech offers the audience a thorough understanding of the speaker’s concern over the current issue of segregation in the nation. This paper tries to identify the specific rhetorical aspects of Kennedy’s speech and in doing so the paper seeks to draw evidences from the address as well. Kennedy's â€Å"Civil Rights Address† blends a variety of rhetorical elements and it is this address which paved the way for equal civil rights in America.

Joyce Carol Oates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Joyce Carol Oates - Essay Example The paper tells that born in 1938, Joyce’s writing was evident even at the age of 15 when her first novel was rejected due to its ‘dark’ way of characterizing things. Joyce’s style appeared to be extraordinarily unfamiliar, and her gates of writing opened further after completing a master’s program at Wisconsin University.   Her work showed a lot of creativity, and this showed the perfect relationship between humans, and also showing better approach to humankind in terms of rape, murder and mysterious existence. It is witnessed in Tucson case that the story is showing us the very unfamiliar life of a girl, which surrounds a life hidden under the pillow. These provide the evidence that psychologically brings about killer sin the hands of her life, and it also proofs evidence of desires, love, and existence. The changing life is full of dreams and youngster existence which is thought to be comprised of sexual desires and whose Joyce Oates analysis pr ovides full idea about the killer scene. This fully reflects uncertainties in her life, and her story shows ironies that are nonetheless full of her personal inertia in both the real world and the original standing of her life. Oates capture in the street life is surrounded by narcissism, viciousness, and cheapness which are a non-existent belief in the life of excitement, unknown destination and above all, wilting fortunes that desperately involves astonishing actions and events.   Her future in the episode appears to go unnoticed, and†allocate the fatal attraction of death (or the devil) for a young woman who is seduced by her own vanity† has created shortfall in desires for sex, devil and symbolical mysteries. The craziness of life and the characteristic life embraces the staggering sense of sensation. From the â€Å"Shaggy black hair that like crazy as a wig...† changing problems of her life, she allocated herself a winding reality of hate, disuse of life an d characteristic disconnection with reality. While in Tucson’s understanding, Oates appear disconnected and the real images created appeared to be awkward and unrealistic. The Creation of a retelling Joyce life define the seemingly changing classic archetypes that are different from the existing phenomena and the different manner in which her thoughts are being retold again and again provides a repeated emphasis on humanity and the myriads of vices planted in the way. And this pessimism explores gruel mechanisms that that society is based. Ultimately, Propp, (1968) provides Joyce position amorality, imaginative war and serial killer dynamics. These dictated the retell and this also became the existing imagination that appeared to be incomprehensible and unpredictable. The elusive point of death and eroticism also provide obsessive characterization which reexamines Oates invasive victimization. This touches the shady romance and the tales, â€Å"Hawthornean, romantic, shading into parable†. The tale paradoxes the unromantic reality that explores the interventions and aggressive change in life defines powerful forces that are realistically comprised of people and a changing fortune which is historically examined by nature. The story is repeated in absolute show of the objective nature of passion, change and contemporary change. Johnson, (1994) in Joyce Oates characterizes the thoughtfulness of killers as a fairy tale and this also establishes the actual reality of individualistic measure that both extorts and makes blunders relative to the positive levels of life. For example, the character formation provided a relevant environment which maximizes a unit of people’s believes in protectionism and extreme life change. Equally, her views express expressions that equally exploit the humane nature of dangerous situations such as murder, drunkenness and extortion. How much of the story is ‘theirs’ – Where are you going This masterpiece of Joyce Carol Oates provides a special recognition of immediate reproach that mentions the past actions and hence develop a perhaps a renewed future. The

Critique Of The Film Avatar Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critique Of The Film Avatar - Movie Review Example Using the "avatar" technology of a human being mentally projecting via computer-assisted means to assume the form and identity of a genetically grown, alien life form of a Na'vi tribesman, an 18 foot tall indigenous resident of the imaginary exo-planet Pandora. Cameron creates an entire ecology with imaginary plant species, a tribal people with their own native mythology, as well as the personal relationships and political dynamic of the story, to give the science fiction film incredible depth which is rendered in 3-D by the most advanced computer CGI and IMAX technologies. In ‘Avatar’, Sam Worthington plays the character ‘Jake Sully' who is a paraplegic marine who has lost the use of his legs but is sent to the far-away planet of Pandora for an avatar experiment being conducted to communicate with the native population. The plot and conflict revolve around a corporation which wishes to exploit the mineral resources of Pandora, and the scientists led by Sigourney W eaver's character who are studying the Na'vi people and the exo-planet of Pandora from an academic perspective. The corporation is portrayed as greedy and imperialistic, having employed a private mercenary force to clear the area of the 18-foot tall natives.The cinematography of ‘Avatar’ is truly where the innovation in filmmaking is taking place, because this environment is entirely digitally created from CGI technology, with the human movement and characters edited into the computer environment via blue-screen filming.... sted means to assume the form and identity of a genetically grown, alien life form of a Na’vi tribesman, an 18 foot tall indigenous resident of the imaginary exo-planet Pandora. Cameron creates an entire ecology with imaginary plant species, a tribal people with their own native mythology, as well as the personal relationships and political dynamic of the story, to give the science fiction film incredible depth which is rendered in 3-D by the most advanced computer CGI and IMAX technologies. In ‘Avatar’, Sam Worthington plays the character ‘Jake Sully’ who is a paraplegic marine who has lost the use of his legs, but is sent to the far-away planet of Pandora for an avatar experiment being conducted to communicate with the native population. The plot and conflict revolves around a corporation which wishes to exploit the mineral resources of Pandora, and the scientists led by Sigourney Weaver’s character who are studying the Na’vi people an d the exo-planet of Pandora from an academic perspective. The corporation is portrayed as greedy and imperialistic, having employed a private mercenary force to clear the area of the 18-foot tall natives. The teams of scientists in the avatar program entered the bodies of genetically grown Na’vi people and were able to use machines so that their consciousness transferred to the avatar bodies in a type of dream. The director Cameron filmed the actors in a digital blue-screen environment where the computers generated the characters through a very advanced, high-resolution form of animation. In this manner the use of actors to drive the shapes and sound of computer animation through virtual characters and imaginary landscapes built through CGI in production represents the talent of expression that actors such as Zoe Saldana

The impact of the Vietnam War on American culture Essay Example for Free

The impact of the Vietnam War on American culture Essay Consider the impact of the Vietnam War on American culture. In the decades prior to the 1980s, two issues beset American culture: civil rights and the Vietnam War. Both were televised directly into living rooms on all three channels. On college campuses throughout the world, but especially on American campuses, antiwar protests were routine. Hippies often were thought to conduct themselves on the premises of antiwar, free sex, and lots of drugs. The music that emerged from this era is still famously current and listened to today. It was an era of convertibles, gas guzzlers, freedom, and endless summers. Then that generation grew into adults––your parents and grandparents. Writing with sensitivity to the nuances of the era, what happened to the dream? Whether you elect to compose on one of the suggestions outlined here, on some modification of a question, or on some independently arrived at idea (in concert with your professor), you will need to plan for the following milestones. Milestones Back to Top Please refer to the Guidelines above for specific details. Annotations (150 points) A good annotated bibliography provides the publication details, describes the key points of the source, uncovers controversies introduced by the source, and evaluates the merits of the source. Each of your three (minimal) to five (maximal) annotations should be approximately 200–250 words. This is due Week 4. Outline and Proposal (100 points) Following the annotations, you will be ready to plan your paper. An outline (one and one half pages) and a proposal (two to three pages) of your intended project are due. Quality proposals and outlines will not merely describe or find information but will have a strong and original point of view. The highest points are conferred for originality, the locating and detailing of controversies, and for nuanced papers that sensitively explore topics with deft subtlety. This is due Week 2. Discussions (350 points) Each week, discussions will focus on text readings and explore the nuts and bolts of some of the major historical events, artwork, literature, political thinking, and culture of specific historical periods. Your discussions  require that you NOT ever merely cut and paste someone elses ideas with an attribute––such discussions have absolutely no value and will not be recognized. If you wish to include external source information substantively, you may do so. The rule is for each line you quote or paraphrase, you must give two lines of your own analysis. You must state why this inclusion is relevant, what we are supposed to think as a result of reading it, what controversy it raises, and why you think its important that we know about the source information. Additionally, when you quote something, you must offset it with quotation marks so that it is clear to your reader when you are quoting and when you are analyzing originally. The same holds true of paraphrasing––please offset the paraphrase in such a way that is clear that it is a derived idea, and then offer your analysis. Whether you quote or paraphrase, you must provide both a parenthetical in-text citation, as well as the full reference at the bottom. In other words, the only way to be original when you are reporting information is to think about it, form an opinion about it, evaluate it, critique it, and then write it clearly. You are expected to craft six high-quality posts on three separate days each week. This is due Weeks 1–7. Final Paper (200 points) See details under the Guidelines above. This is due Week 7. Final Exam (200 points) To write a successful exam, you must keep up with the readings and demonstrate knowledge acquisition and critical thinking in the discussions. The exam consists of multiple choice and essay questions. The essays must be original, thoughtful, and where outside sources are used, impeccably cited (both in text AND in a final full reference). Essays should be no more than 30% cited material; they should be at least 70% original thinking. This is due in Week 8.

Transforming Monocots Using Agrobacterium

Transforming Monocots Using Agrobacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens is said to infect dicots naturally. What are the potential obstacles in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocots? Discuss how did the breakthrough (success in transforming monocots using Agrobacterium) come about? (60 marks) Gene transfer using Agrobacterium is a method of transferring genes by using a carrier to insert the gene of interest into the recipient host plant cells. This technology is based on the discovery of infection tumor in the dicotyledone plants caused by a bacterium, named Agrobactertum tumerfaciens. The species Agrobacterium is a soil bacterium which is capable to infect and caused plant wound and then developed into crown galls, normally formed at the trunk of many types of dicot plants. This Agrobactereium spp. has a special DNA, which has a small ring inside the cytoplasm called Ti plasmid (tumour inducing plasmid). On the Ti plasmid, there is a DNA fragment called T-DNA (transfer DNA) which contains the gene causing crown galls development. Plant cells have genes to code for the production of auxin and cytokinin, the two plant hormones which are used as energy sources by Agrobacterium. The use of Ti plasmid in gene transfer into plants is done by replacing the gene related to plan t hormone production and the gene producing opine substance with the desirable trait gene on the T-DNA and then using the Agrobacterium to transfer the gene to the plant chromosomes. Transformation of dicotyledenous plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been well established and widely used but not so in the case of monocotyledonous plants. The potential obstacle in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocot plants includes: Agrobacterium is responsive to phenolic compounds such as acetosyringone which are produced when the plant was wounded. The released phenolic compound from the wounded plant cells will stimulate the performance of vir gene on the Ti plasmid, leading to the transferring T-DNA to the plant chromosome. Most of the dicot plants produced this phenolic compound. On the other hand, most monocot plants did not produce the compounds or produced it in a smaller quantity, therefore resulted in the low efficiency of the Agrobacterium attachment. Furthermore, the wounded cells in the monocot plants multiplied less than in dicot plants. Tissue browning and necrosis following Agrobacterium infection is still a major obstacles especially in cereals. For example in case of wheat, following Agrobacterium infection, wheat embryo and root cells may produce hydrogen peroxide, which altered cell wall decomposition and resulted in a higher level of cellular necrosis and subsequently caused cell death. However the improvement method to resolve the cell death and to improve the transformation efficiency has been demonstrated in cereals (Frame et al., 2002) Apart from necrosis, physical characteristic and genotype, other factors affected transformation efficiency are strains of Agrobacterium used, binary vector, selectable marker gene and promoter, inoculation and co-culture conditions, inoculation and co-culture medium, osmotic treatment, desiccation, Agrobacterium density and surfactants, tissue culture and regeneration medium (Cheng et al., 2004). The Agrobacterium has specificity in attaching monocot plants. Most of monocot plants with important economic value are not hosts of the Agrobacterium, therefore the transformation efficiency involving them is low (Lippincott, 1978). Explants type, quality and source also affect the transformation efficiency foe example embryogenic callus derived from mature seed of rice was reported to be the best explant for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice due to its active cell division (Hiei et al., 1994). The breakthrough on the transformation of monocot plants using Agrobacterium started when Hiei et al. (1994), done a research on Japonica rice. They reported a stable transformation of Japonica rice by using Agrobacterium. They reported results of evaluations using molecular and genetic analysis on the R0, R1 and R2 progenies. The LBA 4404, the super-binary vector of Agrobacterium strain was demonstrated as the most effective vector for the transformation of three Japonica cultivars tested. Their success has open up the possibility of using Agrobacterium for transforming monocot plants such as maize, barley and wheat. In 1996, Ishida et al., has done a transformation research on maize by using a similar approach as developed by Hiei et al (1994). Their transformation efficiency was further improved by the addition of silver nitrate in the culture medium. Other factors that may influence transformation efficiency were also investigated that included incubation time and co-cultivation period. Zhao et al. (2002) optimized the transformation conditions based on Ishidas protocol and it was demonstrated that maize can be transformed with high efficiency by using Agrobacterium method. The gene transfer was done by using a combination of standard binary vector with the addition of antioxidant cysteine in the co-culture medium. In the same year, other researchers included had demonstrated that elite maize cultivars could also be transformed by using Agrobacterium-medated transformation method. Soon after maize, the successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat and barley was reported (Jones H.D, 2005, Tingay et al., 1997). Compared with rice and maize, progress with wheat and barley has been slower. Various factors that influence the transformation efficiency have been further investigated. It was reported that the use of surfactant such as Silwett L-77 and desiccation treatment during co-cultivation increased the transformation efficiency of wheat. In the case of barley, since the success of Tingay et al., (1997) in transforming barley by using Agrobacterium, a number of other researchers around the world have reported the successful production of transgenic barley plants. However majority of the successful reports of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of barley are restricted with model genotype golden promise and igri. Therefore, optimizations of parameters are required to extend the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in other elite barley cultivars. The transformation of sorghum is the least successfully manipulated. Zhao et al. (2000) developed an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for sorghum and from the research it showed that the embryos from the field had higher transformation frequency than those from the greenhouse. Other transformation of monocotyledon plant reported such as Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of turfgrasses, such as creeping bentgrass (Yu et al., 2000), Italian ryegrass (Bettany et al., 2003), and tall fescue (Wang and Ge, 2005) were also reported. Although the delivery of foreign gene into several monocot species via Agrobacterium tumefaciencs has now become a routine technique, there are still serious limitations on the used of this technology on other major monocots. In order to achieve better success in transforming monocot using Agrobacterium, many factors and conditions were being investigated, such as selection of which target tissues which are highly responsive, adjustment of gene transfer conditions to increase the possibility of Agrobacterium attachment into the cell by adding phenolic substances such acetosyringone during co-cultivation period or in co-cultivation medium, that are similar to the substance released by plant cells when they are naturally wounded, using efficient promoter gene to stimulate the expression of the gene in monocot plants and the used of super-virulent of Agrobacterium strains to increase the transformation efficiency (Cheng et al., 2004).

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee - Summary Essay -- essays research

The book "To Kill a Mockingbird" is a story of life in an Alabama town in the 30's. The narrator, Jean Louise Finch, or Scout, is writing of a time when she was young, and the book is in part the record of a childhood, believed to be Harper Lee’s, the author of the book.. The story begins as Scout describes her family history and her town, Maycomb during the time of the Great Depression. Atticus is a prominent lawyer and the Finch family is reasonably well off in comparison to the rest of society. She and her brother, Jem, meet Dill, who has come to live in their neighborhood for the summer, and the children share stories and fantasies about the mystery man who lives near by. The man’s name is Arthur, or Boo, Radley. The house is owned by Mr. Radley, whose son, Arthur (nicknamed Boo), has lived there for years without being permitted to go outside. Not much is really known of him, just hearsay stories that people whisper to one another and to their children to warn them of the evils that may occur. One story that is told is regarding an incident with Boo's father, who is supposedly stabbed with a pair of scissors for no apparent reason. The reader learns that Scout has problems at school early on because her teacher is annoyed with her for knowing more than what was expected in her grade. On the same day, she has another problem at home, when she makes negative comments about Walter Cunningham's eating habits, a boy who comes from a very poor family. She learns a lesson in manners from Calpurnia, the Finch's Negro housekeeper, and is taught to treat people with respect regardless as to who they are. When she complains to Atticus that Calpurnia spanked her, she is reprimanded by him and taught a lesson in compromise. As time goes by, Scout and Jem find some mysterious presents in the knothole of an old tree on the Radley place. This makes the children become even more curious about the mysterious Boo Radley. Jem, Dill, and Scout venture out one night to try to see into Boo Radley's back window; which ended up in Mr. Nathan Radley The next winter, Jem and Scout find more presents in the tree, presumably left by the mysterious Boo. Their treasures include small sculptures and a watch. Unfortunately, treasures can no longer be delivered, for Mr. Nathan Radley pathched up the tree with cement. One night, during a rare snowstorm, Miss Maudie's hous... ...inctions. Months pass, Summer turns to Fall, the routine of school starts for the children, but Bob Ewell holds on to his grudge against some of Maycomb's citizens, including Judge Taylor, Helen Robinson and Atticus. In October, the night of Halloween, Scout prepares for a presentation at her school. She plans to wear a bulky pig costume, one that severely limits her vision. While returning home from the school pageant, Jem and Scout are attacked. Jem's arm is broken, and a stranger carries him home. Scout cannot see what is happening because of her constrictive costume. Afterwards, a search of the area by the local officials turns up Bob Ewell's dead body in the schoolyard. As Heck Tate and Atticus listen, Scout tells them what happened to her and Jem, ending by pointing to the man who had carried Jem home, who she realizes, is Boo Radley. Atticus assumes that it was Jem who stabbed Bob Ewell, but the sheriff tells Atticus that he intends to report that Ewell fell on his own knife. Atticus is sure that the sheriff is trying to protect Jem, until it finally dawns on him that it was actually Boo Radley who killed Ewell. Scout walks Boo Radley home and then returns to her house.

Emily Dickinsons Because I Could Not Stop for Death Essay -- Because

Emily Dickinson's Because I Could Not Stop for Death Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† is a remarkable masterpiece that exercises thought between the known and the unknown. In Dickinson’s poem, â€Å"Because I could not stop Death,† there is much impression in the tone, in symbols and in the use of imagery that over flow with creativity. One might undoubtedly agree to an eerie, haunting, if not frightening, tone and use of symbolism in Dickinson’s poem. Dickinson uses controlling adjectives –â€Å"slowly† and â€Å"passed† – to create a tone that seems rather placid. For example, â€Å"We slowly drove –He knew no Haste / †¦We passed the School †¦ / We passed the Setting Sun† (5,9,11,12), sets a slow, quiet, and clam atmosphere. The tone in Dickinson’s poem puts readers’ ideas on a track towards a boggling atmosphere. Dickinson’s poem lives on complex ideas that are evoked through symbols, which carry her readers through her poem. Besides the literal significance of –the â€Å"School,† â€Å"Gazing Grain,† â€Å"Setting Sun,† and the â€Å"Ring† –much is gathered to complete the poem’s central idea. Dickinson brought to light the mysteriousness of the life cycle. The cycle of one’s life, as symbolized by Dickinson, has three stages and then a final stage of eternity. â€Å"Schools, where children strove† (9) may represent childhood; â€Å"Fields of Gazing Grain† (11), maturity; and â€Å"Setting Sun† (12) old age. In addition to these three stages, the final stage of eternity was symbolized in the last two lines of the poem, the â€Å"Horses Heads† (23), leading â€Å"towards Eternity† (24). Dickinson thought about the life cycle in terms of figurative symbols. Dickinson describes the scene such that mental pictures of sight, feeling, and sound com... ...ld not stop for Death," will leave many readers talking for years to come. This poem then, puts on immortality through an act of mere creativity. Indeed, creativity was captured at all angles in this striking piece. Bibliography Dickinson, Emily. "Because I could not stop for Death." The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford-St. Martin’s, 1997. 642-643. Greenaway, Kate. "Ring-a-ring-a-roses." The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes. Ed. Iona and Peter Opie. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1951. 365. Greenberg, John M. "Dickinson’s Because I could not stop for Death." Explicator. v49n4. Summer 1991. 218. Monteiro, George. "Dickinson’s Because I could not stop for Death." Explicator. v46n3. Spring 1998. 20, 21. Shaw, Mary N. "Dickinson’s Because I could not stop for Death." Explicator. v50n1. Fall 1991. 21.

Western Civilization Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern European Weaponry: Shaping Changes in Warfare The human being has always found a way to inflict harm in the name of defense or simple destruction, for survival, or for the annihilation of the enemy. All within the realm of warfare, we have found a way to make sticks and stones break bones, and everything between simple technologies to the advent of gunpowder, has changed civilization and the way we live. Throughout this essay we will look at the simple truths that come from an evolution in weaponry. How it affected the social connections of those times, and the way society was forced to wage war with each other. By the time men had figured out that a piece of rock can mean the difference between life and death, weapons became an important part of human kind. Dating back to prehistoric times, men could only use the tools they could find within their means of symbiotic existence with their surroundings. It wouldn’t take long, relatively speaking, until we would figure out how to sophisticate our means of defense and battle. After the Neolithic Age, men were able to ascertain the effectiveness of metal versus the effectiveness of such crude weapons like those made of wood and/or stone. People realized that it was easier to attack the enemy with precision with such advances as a dagger that would pierce through skin as opposed to smashing the enemy with larger chunks of weapons. According to the Bible, the Israe...

Health Organization Case Study Essay

One of the key success factors for reengineering in health care is the ability of the nursing leader or manager to redefine their organizations in terms of process. Health care reengineering is a powerful practice that helps organizations reorder priorities, provide more cost-effective care, and increase value to patients. Reengineering is not a solution, it is a critical core competency and essential skill for health care organizations if they are to succeed under managed care in future. Therefore in order for reengineering to be effective a nurse leader or manager must play a vital part in the process. They must combine strong leadership with clinical expertise and good business sense in order to be effective. Nursing leader must use the skills acquired to enhance to allocate resources for the benefit of patient care. Nurse leaders must have ability to learn and use new health care concepts quickly and should be able to access and integrate these concepts effectively. The role of a nurse leader in the reengineering health care involves the use of interpersonal skills, such as the ability to communicate effectively or be collaborative, to influence fellow members of the nursing staff to accomplish goals regarding patient care. Clearly, the nurse leaders are in the position to take a greater role in the planning process for their organizations and they must be able to make informed decisions, implement successfully and also evaluate and modify their action plans. Reference Huber, D. (2010). Leadership and Nursing Care Management. (4th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders Elsevier

How does Samuel present relationship between mother and daughters Essay

Samuel uses different methods to present the relationship between mothers and daughters in kinder transport. She uses parallel narratives, time slips to show the different ways each mother treats their daughter and vice versa. She also uses objects to shows how strong their relationships are, stage directions and also characters such as the ratcatcher to show the relationships between them. Eva starts off by calling her biological mother ‘mutti’ which shows that she considers her mother a very reliable, strong and important person in her life. This shows that Eva respects her mother and loves her mother. However towards the end of play Eva refers to her mother as that ‘German woman’. This instantly shows us the audience that Eva does not consider Helga her mother anymore and is just a stranger she use to know. Eva goes further than that and proves the point to use the audience that she doesn’t consider her someone important to remember in her life as she isn’t sure ‘she had lived her’ which automatically makes us now that the relationship between Helga and Eva is no more and that it wasn’t as strong as they thought as does not think she is significant. Before Eva leaves for London she is given ‘a gold watch’ by her biological mother Helga. This shows that Helga had thought about all the different scenarios that could happen to her daughter that she loves and cares about Eva. As Gold is a rare metal it is worth a lot of money and so it is valuable and so Helga giving Eva this watch is a way of telling Eva not to forget about her as she is worth remembering and also is a back up plan invade something terrible happens to Eva and she needs money. However when Eva begins to mature and gets into her teenage years she starts to understand the situation she is in better. As a regular teenager always thinks of a way to make money Eva looks at the ‘gold watch’ as a source of money instead of piece of jewellery that should mean a lot to her as it was given to her by her mother. Eva then goes on to asking Lil ‘how much d’you think they’re worth’ this could mean anything as Eva could be referring to the relationship she had with her biological mother Helga and trying to save it by holding onto the ‘gold watch’ and having hope that her mother would come back and then they could restore their relationship and mother and  daughter or this could mean that Eva is tired of holding onto her mother and believes that she is not important to her life resulting to her wanting to selling it. Samuel uses the significance of their names as a way of showing the relationship between Helga and Eva, Evelyn and Faith and also Eva and Evelyn. Before Eva had left for London Helga had hinted to Eva that she can take care of herself without her as she says ‘See. You don’t need me’. This shows is the audience that Helga would like Eva to take care of herself and be a mother figure to herself if anything bad where to happen. Evelyn reassure Eva that the rat catcher would not come when Eva says ‘ hell cut off my nose’ and Evelyn reassures herself by saying ‘he’s not coming’. This shows us that Helga wish has come true as Evelyn is taking care of Eva as a mother would take care of their daughter showing that Evelyn might be vulnerable but when it comes to reassuring herself and making everything better she can do that. As Eva had changed her name to Evelyn because she wanted a ‘English name’ she has changed into a new pe rson and is no more the young Jewish girl who moved to Manchester but now she is a English girl who lives in Manchester. Because of this the audience will no that the relationship between Helga and Eva will not work out again as she is no more Eva.

Tqm of Jakel Silk House Company

Part A 1. 0 Introduction of the organization: Jakel Silk House Jakel Silk House was established with the belief that are the catalysts to bring fashion in Malaysia from a medium to higher level with the support of the distinguished partners and clients. The firms are working together with the fashion industry to user in a new era of fashion, from a company of Malaysians for Malaysians. The focus of Jakel Silk House is to put one of Bumiputra on the Malaysian stage of fashion fabrics. The company realizes that it is a daunting task. However, the company believes that in this endeavor comes opportunity. Mission or objective is very important to each business firm and the firm must have clear mission so that they can make good planning to achieve their objective. Jakel Silk House mission is to innovate, recreate and to rediscover the area of fashion fabrics. Other than that, Jakel Silk House has something for every woman, every home and every occasion. Choose from a spectrum of sub line creations ranging from high-end prices for limited edition pieces to the very affordable. Fabrics from Jakel Silk House display an elegance aura of grandeur with the most saleable fabrics in expression of chiffon, crepe, satin and jacquard silk. Some of this rich range of silk are immaculately finished in embroidery of embellished with fine beads, sequins, machine-sewn of meticulously hand sewn. In addition, to a contemporary collection of crepe, georgette, tissue and silk in various colors, patterns and designs, Jakel Silk House also has wide range of fabrics for curtains and upholstery complete with matching trimmings. Other than that, Jakel Silk House also provides a made-to-measure service where customers select the fabrics of their choice and Jakel Silk House will complete the task right up to installation. As a leading supplier of fabrics, Jakel Trading has been in the forefront bringing in the finest fabrics, silk and textiles products from all over the world including exclusive fabrics from Korea, France, Spain and Italy. The interesting thing about Jakel is their focus solely on high-end fabrics. Jakel are also extending their product line to cater to the mid-range market. Because of their expertise in this industry, they are able to bring in more affordable products. Some of the more renowned brand names found at Jakel's stores are Valentino, Pierre Cardin, Zegna, Armani, Lorenzo Riva, Ungaro and Solstiss. Part B 2. 0 Introduction to TQM (Total Quality Management) TQM is a set of management practices throughout the organization, functioning as to ensure the organization consistently meets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement. TQM is a description of the culture, attitude and organization of a company that aims to provide, and continue to provide, its customers with products and services that satisfy their needs and demand. The culture requires quality in all aspects of the company's operations, with things being done right first time, and defects and waste eradicated from operations. Important aspects of TQM include, customer-driven quality, top management leadership and commitment, continuous improvement, fast response, actions based on facts, employee participation etc. Customer-driven quality is all about customer satisfaction and it is seen as the company's highest priority. The company will only be successful if customers are satisfied. The TQM is sensitive to customer requirements and responds rapidly to them. In the TQM context, `being sensitive to customer requirements' goes beyond defect and error reduction, and merely meeting specifications or reducing customer complaints. The concept of requirements is expanded to take in not only product and service attributes that meet basic requirements, but also those that enhance and differentiate them for competitive advantage. Top management leadership need the TQM method to success and have the best commitment. It has to be introduced and led by top management. Attempts to implement TQM often fail because top management doesn't lead and get committed. Instead it delegates and pays lip service. Commitment and personal involvement is required from top management in creating and deploying clear quality values and goals consistent with the objectives of the company, and in creating and deploying well defined systems, methods and performance measures for achieving those goals. These systems and methods guide all quality activities and encourage participation by all employees. The development and use of performance indicators is linked, directly or indirectly, to customer requirements and satisfaction, and to management and employee remuneration. Base on our interview, Jakel Silk House had applied TQM on its marketing department as well and had achieve many sucess in the business. Table 1. Hierarchy of TQM principles by Deming No. TQM Principles 1Decision of management to attain the highest quality of work. 2Decision to satisfy requirements of the consumer Rendering of some functions and responsibility from the top level down 4Group influence on the individual in team work 5Regulation of system and processes inside the organization 6Definition of quality and the creation of the quality standards 7Quality measurement in chemistry laboratories 8Sustainable quality improvement in chemistry laboratories 9Comparison of experiences at other chemistry laboratories 10Perception of the whole process 11Improvement of employees qualifications and training 12Definition of problems in one's organization 13Solution of problems in one's organization 14Quality assurance in one's organization 5Active management in chemistry laboratories-actions for avoiding problems 16Ensuring quality of material suppliers 17Communication inside the organization 18Recognition and inducement of employees, i. e. a reward system Part C 3. 0 Why/where (division/department/location) and how the issue topic/ method/ practice is implemented/applied in the organization 3. 1 Marketing Department Jakel Silk House implementing the Total Quality Management especially in their Marketing Department. This is because that marketing department is the one who were concerned or deal with defining the needs of the effectiveness and customers the most. Therefore every aspect of marketing function needs to be completed with quality. Quality control at the production stages is as much the common concern of all divisions as it is the individual responsibility of the technology, production technology, purchasing, manufacturing, inspection, ditribution, customer service and the other divisions. The discussion here is focused on process analysis, process control, quality assurance, process improvement and quality control in purchasing, all of which are essential to mantaining and improving quality. Jakel Silk House apply TQM to create constancy of purpose toward improvement of the product and service so as to become competitive, stay in business and provide jobs. Jakel also adopt the new philosophy. Because Jakel Silk House are in a new economic age. It’s no longer need live with commonly accepted levels of delay, mistake, defective material and defective workmanship. In cease dependence on mass inspection; require, instead, statistical evidence that quality is built in. Jakel need improve the quality of incoming barriers. End the practice of awarding business on the basis of a price alone. Instead, depend on meaningful measures of quality, along with price. On the other hand to find the problems: constantly improve the system of production and service. There should be continual reduction of waste and continual improvement of quality in every activity so as to yield a continual rise in productivity and a decrease in costs. Institute modern methods of training and education for all. Modern methods of on-the-job training use control charts to determine whether a worker has been properly trained and is able to perform the job correctly. Jakel used the modern methods of supervision. The emphasis of production supervisors to help people to do a better job. The Improvement of quality will automatically improve productivity. The Jakel Silk House management must prepare to take immediate action on response from supervisors concerning problems such as inherited defects, lack of maintenance of sales, poor tools or fuzzy operational definitions. Fear is a barrier to improvement so drive out fear by encouraging effective two-way communication and other mechanisms that will enable everybody to be part of change, and to belong to it. Fear can often be found at all levels in an organization: fear of change, fear of the fact that it may be necessary to learn a better way of working and fear that their positions might be usurped frequently affect middle and higher management, whilst on the shop-floor, workers can also fear the effects of change on their jobs. There was a break down barriers between departments and staff areas. People in different areas such as research, design, sales, administration and production must work in teams to tackle problems that may be encountered with products or service. They should eliminate the use of slogans, posters and exhortations for the workforce, demanding zero defects and new levels of productivity without providing methods. Such exhortations only create adversarial relationships. Eliminate work standards that prescribe numerical quotas for the workforce and numerical goals for people in management, substitute aids and helpful leadership also can be applied. Remove the barriers that rob hourly workers, and people in management, of their right to pride of workmanship. This implies, abolition of the annual merit rating (appraisal of performance) and of management by objectives. Institute a vigorous program of education, and encourage self-improvement for everyone. What an organization needs is not just good people; it needs people that are improving with education. Top management's in Jakel Silk House compay must permanent commitment to ever-improving quality and productivity must be clearly defined and a management structure created that will continuously take action to follow the points. Part D 4. 0 Issues/problems faced by the organization in implementing the topic/method (TQM) 4. 1 Commitment Commitment shown at the canopy of the tree shows the importance of this management team in the quality process. Only a strong commitment towards the implementation of the standard can guarantee its successful completion and continuous improvement. Sometimes it is assumed that to appoint a quality consultant or to fill the quality representative position is the sole responsibility of the supreme authority. This assumption is totally wrong, only a strong and committed boss will drive its company on the way to TQM. The management representative is the head of an organization pursuing quality, and infects every member of that organization who is the least concerned with quality procedures. The management representative is himself responsible for the smooth running of the system. Management is like a brain and all members act as the parts of body, if even a single part does not work properly it will affect the procedure of the whole system. The personnel at the conversion stage are the real factors of success of the system. So the commitment to quality should be enrooted deeply in the quality system organization. Motivation in this regard will help a lot to achieve the ultimate target (quality motivation). Jakel Silk House company should have the high commitment to apply TQM on the business not only from the top management but also the workers. 4. 2 Strategies The next issues in pursuing the quality objective is to develop strategies. The most common procedure is to develop quality policies and quality plans. Well that’s exactly the right way to do the things, but remember only creating the quality policy and making quality plans is not enough. It will be effective only when this quality policy is communicated at every level of the organization. The quality policy should be stated in the most simple way so that every individual can understand it. In case of organizations having employees from different linguistic levels, its suggested to translate the quality policy into their languages, this will help to communicate the concept deep in the organization. Quality plans are also of core value in a quality system, but it has been observed that for some individuals the term is confusing. Most often it is thought that separate planning should be done in order to carry out the process. The fact is that this assumption is wrong. Planning can be categorized in many ways; there may be long-term planning, medium term planning, and short-term planning. Every level of planning should be considered separately in the quality system. The short term planning should always be in the view of long term planning, short-term plans may be daily plans or weekly plans or even monthly plans, but they do affect the long-term strategies of the organization. Jakel Silk House company must plan its strategies for the short term and long term to avoid the problem when implementing the TQM on the business. 4. 3 Teamwork The most significant part of the quality system is the teamwork. The single individual cannot achieve the goal in its real sense. Quality teams and quality circles are two basic techniques used most often in quality management. Quality circle is synonymous to management by objectives (MBO) in management’s terminology. For example quality circles were first of all evolved in Japan as a productivity improvement technique, but now this term is used in a much more elaborate scope. People are grouped from the same organizational area and a leader is appointed in order to monitor the objectives, these teams are self motivated and thoroughly trained to achieve the specific objective. In this way participation of every member is assured by assigning specific tasks. For example, one thing that might be important in teamwork is the rotation of the job, in order to ensure the smooth running of the process even in the absence of any member in the company. This is also the dilemma of many organizations that responsibilities are not rotated among coworkers, which might be the major cause of slow progress of organizations. So, all member in Jakel Silk House must trust each other so that they can create good teamwork and doing well in their business. . 4 Customer-driven quality TQM has a customer-first orientation. The customer, not internal activities and constraints, comes first. Customer satisfaction is seen as the company's highest priority. The Jakel Silk House company believes it will only be successful if customers are satisfied. The TQM company is sensitive to customer requirements and responds rapidly to them. In the TQM context, `being sensitive to customer requ irements' goes beyond defect and error reduction, and merely meeting specifications or reducing customer complaints. The concept of requirements is expanded to take in not only product and service attributes that meet basic requirements, but also those that enhance and differentiate them for competitive advantage. Each part of the Jakel Silk House company is involved in Total Quality, operating as a customer to some functions and as a supplier to others. The Marketing Department is a supplier to downstream functions such as Manufacturing and Field Service, and has to treat these internal customers with the same sensitivity and responsiveness as it would external customers. . 5 TQM leadership from top management TQM is a way of life for Jakel Silk House company. It has to be introduced and led by top management. Attempts to implement TQM often fail because top management doesn't lead and get committed instead it delegates and pays lip service. Commitment and personal involvement is required from top management in creating and deploying clear quality values and goals consistent with the objectives of the company, and in creating and deploying well defined systems, methods and performance measures for achieving those goals. These systems and methods guide all quality activities and encourage participation by all employees. The development and use of performance indicators is linked, directly or indirectly, to customer requirements and satisfaction, and to management and employee remuneration. 4. 6 Continuous improvement Continuous improvement of all operations and activities is at the heart of TQM. Once it is recognized that customer satisfaction can only be obtained by providing a high-quality product, continuous improvement of the quality of the product is seen as the only way to maintain a high level of customer satisfaction. As well as recognizing the link between product quality and customer satisfaction, TQM also recognizes that product quality is the result of process quality. As a result, there is a focus on continuous improvement of the Jakel Silk House company's processes. This will lead to an improvement in process quality. In turn this will lead to an improvement in product quality, and to an increase in customer satisfaction. Improvement cycles are encouraged for all the company's activities such as product development, use of EDM/PDM, and the way customer relationships are managed. This implies that all Jakel Silk House activities include measurement and monitoring of cycle time and reponsiveness as a basis for. Seeking responsiveness as a basis for seeking opportunities for improvement. Elimination of waste is a major component of the continuous improvement approach in this company. There is also a strong emphasis on prevention rather than detection, and an emphasis on quality at the design stage. The customer driven approach helps to prevent errors and achieve defect-free production. When problems do occur within the product development process, they are generally discovered and resolved before they can get to the next internal customer. 4. 7 Fast response To achieve customer satisfaction, the Jakel Silk House company has to respond rapidly to customer needs. This implies short product and service introduction cycles. These can be achieved with customer-driven and process-oriented product development because the resulting simplicity and efficiency greatly reduce the time involved. Simplicity is gained through concurrent product and process development. Efficiencies are realized from the elimination of non value adding effort such as redesign. The result is a dramatic improvement in the elapsed time from product concept to first shipment. 4. 8 Actions based on facts The statistical analysis of marketing and manufacturing facts is an important part of TQM. Facts and analysis provide the basis for planning, review and performance tracking, improvement of operations, and comparison of performance with competitors. The TQM approach is based on the use of objective data, and provides a rational rather than an emotional basis for decision making. The statistical approach to process management in both marketing and manufacturing recognizes that most problems are system-related, and are not caused by particular employees. In practice, data is collected by Jakel company and put in the hands of the people who are in the best position to analyze it and then take the appropriate action to reduce costs and prevent non-conformance. Usually these people are not managers but workers in the process. If the right information is not available, then the analysis, whether it be of shop floor data, or marketing test results, can't take place, errors can't be identified, and so errors can't be corrected. 4. 9 Employee participation A successful TQM environment requires a committed and well trained work force that participates fully in quality improvement activities. Such participation is reinforced by reward and recognition systems which emphasize the achievement of quality objectives. On going education and training of all employees supports the drive for quality. Employees in Jakel Silk House Company are encouraged to take more responsibility, communicate more effectively, act creatively, and innovate. As people behave the way they are measured and remunerated, TQM links remuneration to customer satisfaction metrics. 4. 10 A TQM culture It's not easy to introduce TQM. An open, cooperative culture has to be created by Jakel Silk House management. Employees have to be made to feel that they are responsible for customer satisfaction. They are not going to feel this if they are excluded from the development of visions, strategies, and plans. It's important they participate in these activities. They are unlikely to behave in a responsible way if they see management behaving irresponsibly saying one thing and doing the opposite. 4. 11 Product development in a TQM environment Product development in a TQM environment is very different to product development in a non TQM environment. Without a TQM approach, product development is usually carried on in a conflictual atmosphere where each department acts independently. Short term results drive behavior so scrap, changes, work-arounds, waste, and rework are normal practice. Management in Jakel Silk House should focuses on supervising individuals, and fire fighting is necessary and rewarded. Product development in a TQM environment is customer driven and focused on quality. Teams are process oriented, and interact with their internal customers to deliver the required results. Jakel Silk House management's also must focus on controlling the overall process, and rewarding teamwork. Part E 5. 0 Conclusion Focusing on quality, combined with increasing costs of materials, equipment, labor and advertising are driving the implementation of TQM as a competitive strategy in all types of organizations. These forces for change also provide an opportunity for an expanded role of marketing department management in making TQM succeed. Quality can no longer be viewed as the responsibility for one department. It is a companywide activity that permeates all departments, at all levels. The key element of any quality and productivity improvement program is the employee. Consequently, employee commitment to a TQM program is essential. Because of its fundamental employee orientation, Jakel Silk House should seek the responsibility for implementing TQM programs rather than risk losing their influence over the key element of TQM that the employee. Organizations with a solid reputation for providing high customer satisfaction have a common viewpoint: consistently taking care of the smaller duties is just as important as the larger concerns. Just as they attempt to instill an overall quality philosophy across the company, Jakel can emphasize consistent quality in its own operations. The day-to-day delivery can be just as important as developing strategic programs that may have higher visibility and supposedly greater long term consequences. As a manufacturing company Jakel Silk House is best able to take charge of these important functions as they relate to a TQM strategy. The full potential of the entire work force must be realized by encouraging commitment, participation, teamwork, and learning. Jakel Silk House is best suited to accomplishing this by modeling these qualities. Leading by example, the marketing department in Jakel Silk House Company could then sustain the long term TQM process company wide. A byproduct of setting a TQM example can be the improved standing of the marketing department in the eyes of other, traditionally more influential departments. But, the primary end result can be total quality management as a successful competitive strategy for organizational survival. 6. 0 Reference 1. David L. Goetsch, Stanly Davis: Quality Management: Introduction to Total Quality Management for production, Processing, and Services, Prentice Hall Inc, New Jersey, 2000. . Robert W. Ingram,Thomas L. Albright, John W. Hill: Managerial Accounting, Information for Decision 3rd edition, South Western, Canada, 2003. 3. Gopal K. Kanji: Total quality management, Proceedngs of the first World Congress, First edition 1995, Printed in Great Britain by Hartnolls Ltd,Bodmin,Cornwall. 4. Garrison, Noreen, Brewer, Managerial accounting, Twelfth Edition, Printed in Sin gapore. 5. http://www. johnstark. com/fwtqm. html. 6. Interview with Jakel Silk House Company. 7. 0 Appendices 2 Jakel Silk House (Alamesra branch)

Can Sudan Split Without Falling Apart? Essay

1. The fact that families like Achai Chol’s are leaving northern Sudan indicates that the people would rather be in southern Sudan fighting for southern independenceto stopthe imminent war and creating a better life for them and their families. 2. The thesis of the article is that Sudan has been politically unstable over the period of its two long civil wars. The south did not identify with the Arab led Sudanese society and created a referendum on southern independence. The two halves of the nation fight in an imminent war killing millions while trying to resolve the issues. 3. The size of Sudan is big compared to other African nations. Sudan is Africa’s biggest country. 4. The two halves of the nation differ in culture, race and religion. 5. In Sudan’s history, the United State’s brokered a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) to end more than half a century of conflict, creating an autonomous southern region and holding out the option of secession if the south so chose. 6. The south chose to agree to the CPA to separate the south from the north. 7. The words of Kiir Mayardit, â€Å"This is the final part of our journey,† are inherent compared to the direct quotes in the first two paragraphs because they are saying that south Sudan is their home, the place where they belong, and the place that they want to fight for. 8. Mutual reliance is when two sides are interdependent on each other. Where there is a relationship in which each member is mutually dependant on the other. 9. The first sentence of paragraph six â€Å"But if Sudan’s history makes dividing the nation seem an obvious solution, drawing a line in the sand is not as easy as it sounds† is saying that it is obvious that Sudan should be divided, but it’s not possible to just draw a line between the north and the south. It requires negotiating, which they are not willing to compromise to. 10. Parts of the north wanting to secede along with the south is most likely going to stand in the way of a peaceful solution to dividing the country, because the north does not approve of it. 11. The chief method used to pursue a peaceful solution is to use Sudan’s oil as a force for peace. 12. The United States and other countries are willing to make diplomacy to ensure peace in Sudan. 13. â€Å"Divorce could mean a crushing alimony† is the analogy the author uses to illustrate that the division might be difficult. The author is describing the separation of the two sides as a divorce, and the expense that it’s going to cost the north as the alimony. The type of figurative language used in the analogy is a metaphor. 14. The most glaring divide between northern and southern Sudan is the government structure. 15. An agreement to share the prosperity of aid and oil exports will be required of all parties involved to reach a successful end. 16. When reading the quote in the concluding paragraph, â€Å"Damned if I know. There are an astonishing range of problems that are going to wash over this place,† I visualize a man of high power saying it. The inclusion of the quote keeps the meaning of the article by saying that the two sides are still going to have many problems and war even after they are separated. 17. The author uses the information in the last paragraph to describe how Sudan has problems and will still have problems and war. â€Å"Failure – in the form of war – will be easy to spot.† But the author also says â€Å"Success will be less obvious: slow, messy and with endless setbacks,† meaning that the problems are being resolved in a slow and unmannerly fashion.

Case study ( Ethic and law) for nursing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

( Ethic and law) for nursing - Case Study Example Sue lied about making observations. Ben, an assistant Nurse, was assigned to carry out a task without supervision from Sue. The assistant was not legally allowed to carry out the intervention without nursing supervision, as he was not yet licensed to practice nursing and was only in his second year. Value-laden terms are terms that indicate positive or negative emphasis, which may then have favourable or unfavourable effects on patients (White & Duncan, 2002). These statements may also refer to good or bad things, which may be evaluated based on the viewpoint of the person acknowledging their existence. In this case study, Emily expressed that her symptoms (hot, nauseated, headache) were still persistent. When consulted about these symptoms, Sue said that the patient was likely just having a cold and that she just needed to rest. The nurse discounted the patient’s symptoms, simply deriding their seriousness. In effect, the terms used by the patient were not given much value, but the value of these terms was already very much significant to the patient. From a nursing perspective, nurses should provide value to the terms used by the patients; they should have either equal or greater value, but never lesser value because this would make the patient feel that she is not bei ng properly cared for (White & Duncan, 2002). Autonomy is based on the principle of independence and self-determination. The principle of autonomy is based on the patient’s right to control his or her care, to make decisions on his or her care and even to decline care (Masters, 2009). Emily’s autonomy was violated when the nurse did not attend to health concerns (nausea, headache and feeling hot), because according to Nurse Sue, she was already old and dying, anyway. Not responding to her request for symptomatic relief meant that the nurse did not support Emily’s autonomy

Systemic Professional Development and its Effect on Novice Teacher Dissertation

Systemic Professional Development and its Effect on Novice Teacher Retention Rates, A Qualitative Research Case Study - Dissertation Example The model of systematic professional development is also discussed vis-a-vis various parameters that influence teaching capabilities with significant impact on retention of novice teacher. Finally, possible remedies that have been suggested to date, with particular attention to mentorship, and systemic professional development were included in this review. To introduce newcomers to the professional culture of the school, induction and mentoring is often used, but with mixed success. For one thing, the time the assistance is offered is usually quite short, and often, if not always, the teacher is expected to be carrying an almost-full or full load. When compared with effective systemic professional development, induction and mentoring do not seem to be as successful. In the following section, the case study research methodology design will be established as a viable way to conduct a qualitative study. The specific qualitative research approach adopted for this study will be explored i n complete detail. Keywords: systematic professional development, K-12 education, retention/ attrition Section 2: Literature Review Introduction The study addresses the problem of low rate of retention among new teachers in the K-12 education system of the United States. The purpose of this study is to identify effective systemic professional development learning opportunities, if any, which aid in the retention of apprentice teachers in the teaching profession. The focus will be in answering the sub question: Why systemic professional development learning opportunities are beneficial to novice teachers? Systemic professional development is one of several possible strategies to deal with low retention amongst novice teachers. It has been credited with success in supporting apprentice teachers (Kent, 2004; Langraf, 2004; Wong et al., 1998). However, its possible influence on new teacher attrition rates is less studied. Siedentop (2006) suggests, that â€Å"what is really missing is systematic evidence to support that the approaches being advocated (work); there is some evidence to support the different positions, but it is spotty at best, flawed at worst† (p. 14). The literature to be reviewed consists primarily of books and scholarly journals from the last 15 years, though a few earlier studies are included to broaden the historical context. It concentrates on the situation in the United States, though studies of similar issues in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Europe will be consulted. The material for the review was gathered by library catalog and electronic database searches, using keywords relevant to each of its topics. The bibliographies found in nearly all source materials were critical in locating and identifying relevant studies, and the studies themselves sometimes cited valuable content from works that remained inaccessible. The gathering of material thus proceeded in a series of waves, where the last items discovered provided inf ormation on what would be most useful to access next. Literature examined in this section is closely associated with the most pertinent work available to address teacher attrition rates. Due consideration is given to the influence, if any, of professional development on novice teacher attrition rates. Included in this review is an investigation of the following:

Immigration law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immigration law - Case Study Example Sonia wants to come for medical treatment. She doesn’t know how long the treatment will take: Sonia is not an EEA national, so she would not be provided medical treatment on the National Health Service (NHS) (Sedwill 2007). She would be denied entry to UK on this basis. To gain entry to UK, she will have to arrange for private treatment, for which she will have to pay for herself without the need to work during her stay. She will also not be funded through the public funds (Sedwill 2007). She will be required to provide a confirmation of her arrangements. She will have to specify the exact duration of her treatment to get the visa, without which she would not be able to get her visa extended after 6 months of her stay. Also a letter from a doctor would be required, stating the exact nature of her treatment and the duration. A confirmation would be needed that she would leave the Country after the treatment.b)Kristina wants to come and help care for her new-born grand-daughter: Kristina will enter UK on a visitor visa, which allows her to stay in the country for just six months (Sedwill 2007). Hence, she cannot stay any longer for the purpose that she is going, unless she applies for a multiple-entry visa. Her sponsors (her relatives) will need to provide a letter of sponsorship (Sedwill 2007), stating their relation with her. Kristina, being ineligible to paid jobs and funding by the public funds, will have to provide confirmation of financing her own trip, unless her sponsors decide to finance her trip... c) Justin wants to visit his brother who is an asylum seeker: Justin's brother is under protection by the UK Government (BBC News 1999). To gain entry in UK to meet his brother, Justin will have to get a visitor visa that will allow him to stay in UK for 6 months, and he must provide a confirmation that he will leave the country after that duration is over. He will be required to provide an evidence of his relation with his brother (Sedwill 2007), and before he can get the clearance, a confirmation by the Government of UK proving the asylum-status of his brother, and a permission letter to Justin by the immigration officer would be needed, allowing him to visit his brother. Justin will have to provide a confirmation, in the form of a financial statement, that he will be able to support his stay by his own means. As his brother is under protected custody (BBC News 1999), being a non-EEA national, Justin will have to provide a certificate of approval, without which he will be denied entry in UK as a visitor to an asylum seeker. d) Gregory has been accepted to do a university course. His English is poor: to enter UK as a student, Gregory needs to provide all the documents to prove his eligibility as a prospective student (Sedwill 2007). He needs to provide a student visa issued by the university which should be a recognized institution, along with a letter from that university confirming his admission and stating the charges for the study course. He needs to

Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services Term Paper

Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services - Term Paper Example Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services The people that need these services are directly affected when the health sector is not up to their task (Thorpe and Cascio, 2013). Therefore, it is in the best interests of the health care sector to guarantee it has contained all its challenges and setbacks in ensuring the public is getting the much needed services without delay. The stagnating problem in the health care sector is provision of high quality services that are affordable by all the people in the region. According to the recent statistics, many people find it hard to afford the health care services and in most cases, they have to struggle in acquiring such services (Elliott, 2012). They have constrained budgets and have to minimize these budgets to continue living. As such, some people find it a prudent idea to forego healthcare services as they find these resources useful in other needy situations. This is a repulsive problem in many populations that find health care services expensive (Shortell, Casalino and Fisher, 2010). Similarly, there is a stagnating problem when governing bodies try to improve the quality of health care and delivery of these services. The health care is marred with costs that are increasing with every move they take to improve the delivery of health care services (Rogers, 2006). As such, the healthcare sector is in a biza rre situation where it is trying to reduce costs in delivering affordable health care, but on the other hand, the costs keep bulging due to the need to improve the service delivery. (CMS Innovation Center, 2012). How Addressed by ACA The ACA created the centre for Medicare and Medicaid innovation to deal with the issue. The institution is crafted for the ostensible reason of perfecting health care delivery and focusing on the payment systems (The Center for Medicare and Medicaid, 2012). Similarly, the institution is mandated to support care coordination in the health care sector and enhancing professional practice in healthcare. This institution was instated to deal with the menace of high spending in the health care sector while dealing with provision of high quality services. There are various approaches that are used by the CMS (Sharamotaro, 2011). First, it was to test the delivery and payment models in the institutions which would be used to measure the improvement in service d elivery. Secondly, the institutions considered relaxing some laws that were governing relationships in the financial sector especially directed towards the providers (Cosgrove, 2012). Thirdly, there was waiving of some acts in order to enhance testing. Some of the acts that were affected include the social security act. Pros and Cons There is both positivity and negativity in the approach taken by the institution. To begin with, there is positivity in that many people will have access to affordable medical care. The people that need these services will only spend part of their income in acquiring high quality healthcare services (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 2012). Secondly, there is positivity in that people will have access to high quality services that are provided in the institution (Baron, 2012). Many institutions will step up